希腊神话中的阿拉克涅

Nerk Pirtz 04-08-2023
Nerk Pirtz

希腊神话中的阿拉克涅

希腊神话中许多人物的名字在今天的使用中已经脱离了其原本的语境;其中一个例子就是 Nemesis(复仇女神),这是一个与希腊神话中的女神有关的词,现在用来表示敌人。

另一个例子是 "Arachnid"(蛛网)一词,这个词与蜘蛛有关,但这个名字源于希腊语 "Arachne"(蛛网)一词,除了蜘蛛或蛛网的意思外,还是吕底亚少女的名字。

吕底亚少女阿拉克涅

阿拉克涅是科洛芬的伊德蒙之女;科洛芬虽然是一座爱奥尼亚城市,但后来被并入吕底亚地区。

伊德蒙从事纺织业,因为根据奥维德的说法,他是紫色染料的著名使用者,而紫色染料是古代世界最珍贵的物质之一。 这个伊德蒙不应与在阿尔戈号上航行的更著名的伊德蒙混淆。

阿拉克涅从小就开始学习织布,随着年岁的增长,她的技艺也在不断提高,甚至超过了吕底亚和小亚细亚的任何人。

阿拉克涅寓言》 - 迭戈-委拉斯开兹(1599-1660 年) - PD-art-100

阿拉克涅的自大

阿拉克涅的名声传遍了整个吕底亚,很快连小亚细亚的仙女们也离开了自己的领地,前来观赏这美妙的作品。

这些仙女会赞美阿拉克涅的技艺,说阿拉克涅一定是雅典娜女神亲自训练出来的。

现在,大多数凡人都会把这当作一个伟大的赞誉,但阿拉克涅不会,她的回答是,她比雅典娜更会织布。

许多吕底亚妇女似乎都有这种自负,因为 尼奥贝 作为吕底亚人的后裔,她会宣称自己比莱托更优越。

雅典娜和阿拉克涅

雅典娜听说了阿拉克涅的吹嘘后,这位希腊女神来到吕底亚,观看这个不虔诚的女孩和她的作品。

起初,雅典娜伪装成一位老妇人,在赞美阿拉克涅的作品的同时,还试图让这位织女承认她的礼物来自诸神。 阿拉克涅又一次拒绝了雅典娜的赞美,甚至吹嘘自己可以在织布比赛中胜过女神。

没有一个奥林匹斯山的神或女神会拒绝这样的挑战,雅典娜卸下了伪装,露出了本来面目。

阿拉克涅有些吃惊,但她没有表现出任何谦卑,也没有请求原谅,于是比赛开始了。

雅典娜和阿拉克涅 - 丁托列托(雅各布-罗布斯蒂)(1519-1594 年) - PD-art-100

阿拉克涅与雅典娜的较量

阿拉克涅和雅典娜的编织工艺是世界上最精美的,她们用数百根不同颜色的丝线编织出错综复杂的图案,其精湛技艺令人叹为观止。

雅典娜描绘了奥林匹斯山上众神的威严,展示了他们在王座上的风采。 雅典娜还展示了她和波塞冬争夺雅典时的场景。

另一方面,《阿拉克涅》也描绘了众神,但《阿拉克涅》并没有描绘众神的伟大场景,而是展示了众神的肉欲行为,包括诱拐 欧洲 以及宙斯与达娜厄的关系。

阿拉克涅的末日

至于是阿拉克涅获胜还是雅典娜获胜,这取决于故事的版本。

大多数人都认为,凡人的作品不可能比神或女神的作品更好,但人们也常说,雅典娜在检查她的对手的作品时,对其完成的作品找不出任何瑕疵;但最终,比赛的结果对故事的结局没有任何影响。

如果阿拉克涅在比赛中获胜,那么雅典娜就会被阿拉克涅的不虔诚以及所制作布匹的主题所激怒,她将作品撕成碎片,并开始用阿拉克涅自己的工具击打这个女孩。

See_also: 希腊神话中的强盗西戎

阿拉克涅绝望地用绳子吊死了自己。

See_also: 希腊神话中的阿斯特雷乌斯

或者,如果雅典娜赢得了比赛,那么阿拉克涅就会在被击败后绝望地上吊自杀。

雅典娜没有让阿拉克涅死,而是松开了女孩脖子上的绳子,但这并不是善举,因为雅典娜还没有原谅阿拉克涅,于是,雅典娜将赫卡忒制造的药水洒在了女孩身上。

随即,阿拉克涅开始变身,失去了所有人类的特征,直到变成一只蜘蛛。

因此,阿拉克涅注定要永远在绳索的末端编织复杂的图案。

密涅瓦和阿拉克涅 - 勒内-安托万-乌阿斯(1645-1710 年) - PD-art-100

作为母亲的阿拉克涅

普林尼说,阿拉克涅是一位母亲,生了一个儿子,名叫克罗斯特,父亲不详。 这位罗马作家说,克罗斯特发明了纺锤,这是制造羊毛的重要部件。

Nerk Pirtz

Nerk Pirtz is a passionate writer and researcher with a deep fascination for Greek mythology. Born and raised in Athens, Greece, Nerk's childhood was filled with tales of gods, heroes, and ancient legends. From a young age, Nerk was captivated by the power and splendor of these stories, and this enthusiasm grew stronger over the years.After completing a degree in Classical Studies, Nerk dedicated themselves to exploring the depths of Greek mythology. Their insatiable curiosity led them on countless quests through ancient texts, archaeological sites, and historical records. Nerk traveled extensively across Greece, venturing into remote corners to uncover forgotten myths and untold stories.Nerk's expertise is not just limited to the Greek pantheon; they have also delved into the interconnections between Greek mythology and other ancient civilizations. Their thorough research and in-depth knowledge have bestowed them with a unique perspective on the subject, illuminating lesser-known aspects and shedding new light on well-known tales.As a seasoned writer, Nerk Pirtz aims to share their profound understanding and love for Greek mythology with a global audience. They believe that these ancient tales are not mere folklore but timeless narratives that reflect humanity's eternal struggles, desires, and dreams. Through their blog, Wiki Greek Mythology, Nerk aims to bridge the gapbetween the ancient world and the modern reader, making the mythical realms accessible to all.Nerk Pirtz is not only a prolific writer but also a captivating storyteller. Their narratives are rich in detail, vividly bringing the gods, goddesses, and heroes to life. With each article, Nerk invites readers on an extraordinary journey, allowing them to immerse themselves in the enchanting world of Greek mythology.Nerk Pirtz's blog, Wiki Greek Mythology, serves as a valuable resource for scholars, students, and enthusiasts alike, offering a comprehensive and reliable guide to the fascinating world of Greek gods. In addition to their blog, Nerk has also authored several books, sharing their expertise and passion in printed form. Whether through their writing or public speaking engagements, Nerk continues to inspire, educate, and captivate audiences with their unrivaled knowledge of Greek mythology.