希腊神话中的拉米亚

Nerk Pirtz 04-08-2023
Nerk Pirtz

希腊神话中的拉米亚女王

在希腊神话中,拉米亚是一个凡人女子,因为赫拉女神的愤怒而变成了大恶魔或怪物。 赫拉的愤怒也许是有道理的,因为拉米亚是赫拉丈夫宙斯的情人,但赫拉对她的惩罚超出了对伊奥和其他至高神情妇的惩罚。

利比亚拉米亚王后

拉米亚的名字要么是波塞冬的女儿,要么是 贝鲁斯 拉米亚是古代利比亚(尼罗河以西地区)的一位美丽女王。

拉米亚的美貌吸引了宙斯,宙斯成功地引诱了王后,王后随后为宙斯生下了几个孩子。

拉米亚变身

赫拉很快就知道了丈夫的不忠,为了报复,她偷走了拉米亚所生的孩子。

See_also: 希腊神话中的奈阿德人敏特

失去孩子让拉米亚变得疯狂,因此利比亚女王绑架并吃掉了其他人的孩子。 拉米亚的畸形行为导致她的面部特征扭曲,可能是模仿鲨鱼,拉米亚自己也变成了怪物。

Vain Lamorna,《拉米亚研究》 - 约翰-威廉-沃特豪斯(1849-1917 年) - PD-art-100

拉米亚神话的演变

拉米亚的故事相当于近代史上的妖怪故事,因此人们对基本故事进行了许多美化。

某些版本有 赫拉 杀死拉米亚的孩子,或者让拉米亚自己杀死孩子,然后吞噬他们。

Lamia - Lord-Scadamour - CC-BY-SA-3.0

关于拉米亚的故事,有的版本说拉米亚王后因疯狂而用爪子挖出了自己的眼睛,有的版本说赫拉诅咒拉米亚,不让她闭上眼睛,这样她就永远无法摆脱失去孩子的幻觉。 在后一种情况下,据说宙斯让拉米亚能够随意摘除和更换自己的眼睛,这可能是为了让她得到一些喘息的机会。

后来对拉米亚的描绘中,她变成了蛇形野兽,通常是 针鼹 据说这也是赫拉对拉米亚下的诅咒。

孤鲨拉米亚

拉米亚这个名字的本意是危险的独行鲨鱼,因此拉米亚很可能就是这种鲨鱼的化身,而吃孩子的故事只是为了警告孩子们海洋的潜在危险。

拉米亚的子民

至于拉米亚的孩子,假定赫拉没有强迫拉米亚吃掉他们,通常有三个孩子被命名为拉米亚。

著名的海怪 Scylla 被命名为拉米亚的女儿,不过古代更常见的说法是 Scylla 是 Phorcys 的女儿。

阿喀琉斯当然是拉米亚和宙斯的儿子,他长大后成为凡人中最美丽的一个,但阿喀琉斯对自己的容貌自视甚高,他向女神阿佛洛狄忒发起了挑战。 阿佛洛狄忒被阿喀琉斯的狂妄自大激怒了,于是没有进行比赛,而是把拉米亚的儿子变成了丑陋的鲨鱼形态的守护神。

据说,拉米亚的一个女儿逃脱了畸形的未来,她就是希罗菲尔;据说,拉米亚和宙斯的这个女儿成为了德尔斐最早的西庇阿。

See_also: 希腊神话中的 Orthus

拉米和拉米亚人

很快,"拉米亚"(Lamia)的概念就演变成了 "拉米亚人"(Lamiae)的概念,公元 3 世纪的弗拉维乌斯-菲洛斯特拉图斯(Flavius Philostratus)的作品中提到了拉米亚人。

与最初的守护神拉米亚相比,拉米亚人更符合魅魔或吸血鬼的概念,因为拉米亚人是引诱和吃掉年轻男子而非儿童的人。

这些拉米亚人可能是赫卡特的女儿,也可能是冥界的居民。

正是拉米亚人的这一概念在后来的希腊神话人物形象中得到了应用,包括在 拉米亚 作者:济慈

拉米亚 - 约翰-威廉-沃特豪斯(1849-1917) - PD-art-100

Nerk Pirtz

Nerk Pirtz is a passionate writer and researcher with a deep fascination for Greek mythology. Born and raised in Athens, Greece, Nerk's childhood was filled with tales of gods, heroes, and ancient legends. From a young age, Nerk was captivated by the power and splendor of these stories, and this enthusiasm grew stronger over the years.After completing a degree in Classical Studies, Nerk dedicated themselves to exploring the depths of Greek mythology. Their insatiable curiosity led them on countless quests through ancient texts, archaeological sites, and historical records. Nerk traveled extensively across Greece, venturing into remote corners to uncover forgotten myths and untold stories.Nerk's expertise is not just limited to the Greek pantheon; they have also delved into the interconnections between Greek mythology and other ancient civilizations. Their thorough research and in-depth knowledge have bestowed them with a unique perspective on the subject, illuminating lesser-known aspects and shedding new light on well-known tales.As a seasoned writer, Nerk Pirtz aims to share their profound understanding and love for Greek mythology with a global audience. They believe that these ancient tales are not mere folklore but timeless narratives that reflect humanity's eternal struggles, desires, and dreams. Through their blog, Wiki Greek Mythology, Nerk aims to bridge the gapbetween the ancient world and the modern reader, making the mythical realms accessible to all.Nerk Pirtz is not only a prolific writer but also a captivating storyteller. Their narratives are rich in detail, vividly bringing the gods, goddesses, and heroes to life. With each article, Nerk invites readers on an extraordinary journey, allowing them to immerse themselves in the enchanting world of Greek mythology.Nerk Pirtz's blog, Wiki Greek Mythology, serves as a valuable resource for scholars, students, and enthusiasts alike, offering a comprehensive and reliable guide to the fascinating world of Greek gods. In addition to their blog, Nerk has also authored several books, sharing their expertise and passion in printed form. Whether through their writing or public speaking engagements, Nerk continues to inspire, educate, and captivate audiences with their unrivaled knowledge of Greek mythology.